Gọi \(I\left( {a;b;c} \right)\) là điểm thỏa mãn \(\overrightarrow {IA}  + \overrightarrow {IB}  + \overrightarrow {IC}  = \overrightarrow 0 \) ta có:

\(\left\{ \begin{array}{l}\overrightarrow {IA}  = \left( { - a;1 - b;2 - c} \right)\\\overrightarrow {IB}  = \left( { - a;1 - b; - c} \right)\\\overrightarrow {IC}  = \left( {3 - a;1 - b;1 - c} \right)\end{array} \right. \Rightarrow \overrightarrow {IA}  + \overrightarrow {IB}  + \overrightarrow {IC}  = \overrightarrow 0  \Leftrightarrow \left\{ \begin{array}{l} - 3a + 3 = 0\\ - 3b + 3 = 0\\ - 3c + 3 = 0\end{array} \right. \Leftrightarrow \left\{ \begin{array}{l}a = 1\\b = 1\\c = 1\end{array} \right. \Rightarrow I\left( {1;1;1} \right)\)

Ta có

\(\begin{array}{l}M{A^2} + M{B^2} + M{C^2} = {\left( {\overrightarrow {MI}  + \overrightarrow {IA} } \right)^2} + {\left( {\overrightarrow {MI}  + \overrightarrow {IB} } \right)^2} + {\left( {\overrightarrow {MI}  + \overrightarrow {IC} } \right)^2}\\ = 3M{I^2} + 2\overrightarrow {MI} \underbrace {\left( {\overrightarrow {IA}  + \overrightarrow {IB}  + \overrightarrow {IC} } \right)}_{\overrightarrow 0 } + \underbrace {I{A^2} + I{B^2} + I{C^2}}_{{\mathop{\rm co}\nolimits} nst}\end{array}\)

Do đó \(M{A^2} + M{B^2} + M{C^2}\) nhỏ nhất \( \Leftrightarrow M{I_{\min }} \Leftrightarrow MI \bot \left( Q \right) \Rightarrow MI = d\left( {I;\left( Q \right)} \right) = \dfrac{{\left| {1 + 1 + 1 - 5} \right|}}{{\sqrt 3 }} = \dfrac{2}{{\sqrt 3 }}\)

Ta có \(I{A^2} = {1^2} + {1^2} = 2,\,\,I{B^2} = {1^2} + {1^2} = 2,\,\,I{C^2} = {2^2} = 4\)

\( \Rightarrow {\left( {M{A^2} + M{B^2} + M{C^2}} \right)_{\min }} = 3.\dfrac{4}{3} + 2 + 2 + 4 = 12\).

Chọn B.